Basic Photography Course

Table 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and RemedyContinued

Defect

Appearance

Air bubbles.

Minute pimples or blisters.

Cause

Develop by transferring the
negative from strongly

Remedy

Use an acid stop bath.

concentrated developer to strongly
acid fixing bath without
thoroughly rinsing after removing
it from the developer and before
immersing it in the fixing bath. In
warm weather, air bubbles may

appear even when using solution
of normal strength, if rinsing
between development and fixation
has been insufficient.

Pitmarks.

Fine holes or pits in emulsion.

Excessive alum in fixing bath;

Proper fixing and

sulfurous precipitation from fixing

drying.

bath when negatives are fixed in a
tray; and film being dried too
rapidly.

Pinholes.

Minute transparent spots.

Dust on film before exposure.

Proper handling of

film. Clean camera
back or film holders
before use.

Reticulation.

Leatherlike graininess or

Too great of a difference in the

Keep all solutions at the

wrinkling of the emulsion.

temperature of baths or between

same temperature.

final wash water and the air in

Reticulation effect may

which the negative is dried.

sometimes be removed

Gelatin may become badly

by placing the negative

swollen due to the temperature of

in a10-percent solution

a solution or wash water, and upon

of formaldehyde for a

shrinking, contracts irregularly

few minutes and then

due to the metallic silver

drying it rapidly with

incorporated in the emulsion.

heat. Use ample

Excessive softening of the

ventilation when drying

emulsion followed by a strong

negatives treated in

hardening bath, or an alkaline

formaldehyde.

treatment followed by strong acid.

10-37

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Basic Photography Course

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DOFMaster for Windows On-line Depth of Field Calculator DOFMaster for Mobile Devices On-line Depth of Field Table Hyperfocal Distance Chart Articles FAQ Recommended Books Support Contact Links Home As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.	contents <- previous page next page -> Table 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and RemedyContinued Defect Appearance Air bubbles. Minute pimples or blisters. Cause Develop by transferring the negative from strongly Remedy Use an acid stop bath. concentrated developer to strongly acid fixing bath without thoroughly rinsing after removing it from the developer and before immersing it in the fixing bath. In warm weather, air bubbles may appear even when using solution of normal strength, if rinsing between development and fixation has been insufficient. Pitmarks. Fine holes or pits in emulsion. Excessive alum in fixing bath; Proper fixing and sulfurous precipitation from fixing drying. bath when negatives are fixed in a tray; and film being dried too rapidly. Pinholes. Minute transparent spots. Dust on film before exposure. Proper handling of film. Clean camera back or film holders before use. Reticulation. Leatherlike graininess or Too great of a difference in the Keep all solutions at the wrinkling of the emulsion. temperature of baths or between same temperature. final wash water and the air in Reticulation effect may which the negative is dried. sometimes be removed Gelatin may become badly by placing the negative swollen due to the temperature of in a10-percent solution a solution or wash water, and upon of formaldehyde for a shrinking, contracts irregularly few minutes and then due to the metallic silver drying it rapidly with incorporated in the emulsion. heat. Use ample Excessive softening of the ventilation when drying emulsion followed by a strong negatives treated in hardening bath, or an alkaline formaldehyde. treatment followed by strong acid. 10-37 contents Basic Photography Course <- previous page next page ->	As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
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