Basic Photography Course

Table 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-Contiuued

Defect

Appearance

Cause

Remedy

Fading
tendency.

Sepia- or yellow-colored

Incomplete fixation or insufficient

Properly fix and wash

stains or areas in the negative.

washing causes fading. Remnants

negatives.

of the fixing bath left in the
emulsion continues its action, and
in time, this defect appears.

Fingermarks.

Imprint of fingers shows up

Impressing wet or greasy fingers

Keep hands clean and

on negative.

on the emulsion of film before or

dry when handling

during development and fixation.

film. Sometimes natural

If mark is merely an outline of the

oil on the fingertips

finger, it was caused by water or

causes grease marks.

grease on the finger; if dark, it was

When fingers become

caused by developer; if transparent

wet with water or

or light, it was caused by fixer.

solutions, wash and dry
thoroughly before
attempting to handle
film.

Fog (Aerial).

A slight veiling of the

Negative exposed to air during

negative or parts of the

development. Occurs most

negative.

frequently in freshly mixed

developers.

Fog

(Dichroic).

Usually a fog of little density,

Hypo or excessive amount of

Removed by treating

consisting of finely divided

sulfite in the developer.

the negative in a weak

particles of silver. When

solution of potassium

viewed by transmitted light,

permanganate. Further

it is pinkish; when viewed by

prevention through use

reflected light, it appears

of clean tanks for

reddish green.

developer and fixer.

Frilling.

Edges of the gelatin become
detached from the base.
Detached edge of emulsion
may either break off or fold
over.

Careless handling; using solutions

Handle film carefully

that are too warm; insufficient

and sparingly; use

hardening of emulsion due to

working solutions that

insufficient fixation; exhausted

are mixed correctly and

fixing bath or one containing

are at the proper

insufficient amount of hardener; or

temperature. Wash film

excessive washing. Frilling is

sufficiently, but never

usually caused by a combination

excessively.

of careless handling and any other
mistake that will render the
emulsion or film soft.

10-36

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DOFMaster for Windows On-line Depth of Field Calculator DOFMaster for Mobile Devices On-line Depth of Field Table Hyperfocal Distance Chart Articles FAQ Recommended Books Support Contact Links Home As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.	contents <- previous page next page -> Table 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-Contiuued Defect Appearance Cause Remedy Fading tendency. Sepia- or yellow-colored Incomplete fixation or insufficient Properly fix and wash stains or areas in the negative. washing causes fading. Remnants negatives. of the fixing bath left in the emulsion continues its action, and in time, this defect appears. Fingermarks. Imprint of fingers shows up Impressing wet or greasy fingers Keep hands clean and on negative. on the emulsion of film before or dry when handling during development and fixation. film. Sometimes natural If mark is merely an outline of the oil on the fingertips finger, it was caused by water or causes grease marks. grease on the finger; if dark, it was When fingers become caused by developer; if transparent wet with water or or light, it was caused by fixer. solutions, wash and dry thoroughly before attempting to handle film. Fog (Aerial). A slight veiling of the Negative exposed to air during negative or parts of the development. Occurs most negative. frequently in freshly mixed developers. Fog (Dichroic). Usually a fog of little density, Hypo or excessive amount of Removed by treating consisting of finely divided sulfite in the developer. the negative in a weak particles of silver. When solution of potassium viewed by transmitted light, permanganate. Further it is pinkish; when viewed by prevention through use reflected light, it appears of clean tanks for reddish green. developer and fixer. Frilling. Edges of the gelatin become detached from the base. Detached edge of emulsion may either break off or fold over. Careless handling; using solutions Handle film carefully that are too warm; insufficient and sparingly; use hardening of emulsion due to working solutions that insufficient fixation; exhausted are mixed correctly and fixing bath or one containing are at the proper insufficient amount of hardener; or temperature. Wash film excessive washing. Frilling is sufficiently, but never usually caused by a combination excessively. of careless handling and any other mistake that will render the emulsion or film soft. 10-36 contents Basic Photography Course <- previous page next page ->	As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
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